BMP (Bitmap) files are a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device. Here’s an overview of BMP files:

Key Features

1. File Extension: The standard file extension for Bitmap files is .bmp.
2. Format: BMP is a raster graphics format, which means it stores images as a grid of individual pixels.
3. Compression: BMP files can be either uncompressed or compressed using RLE (Run-Length Encoding) compression. Uncompressed BMP files are typically larger in size compared to compressed formats like JPEG or PNG.
4. Color Depth: BMP files support various color depths, ranging from monochrome (1-bit) to 24-bit color (16.7 million colors) and even 32-bit color with an alpha channel for transparency.
5. Header: BMP files start with a header that contains metadata about the image, such as its width, height, color depth, and compression method.

Structure

A BMP file consists of the following main sections:

1. File Header: This includes general information about the file, such as the file size and the starting point of the pixel data.
2. DIB Header (Bitmap Information Header): This contains detailed information about the image itself, including dimensions, color planes, bit depth, and compression type.
3. Color Palette: For images with 8-bit color depth or lower, this section stores a table of colors used in the image.
4. Pixel Data: This is the actual bitmap data, representing the color of each pixel in the image.

Advantages

1. Simplicity: BMP files are straightforward and easy to read and write, making them a common choice for simple graphics applications.
2. Quality: When uncompressed, BMP files retain all original image data without loss, preserving image quality.
3. Compatibility: BMP is widely supported across various operating systems and applications, particularly on Windows.

Disadvantages

1. File Size: BMP files tend to be larger than other image formats because they often do not use compression, making them less suitable for web use or applications where storage space is a concern.
2. Limited Features: Unlike more modern formats, BMP lacks advanced features such as extensive metadata support, layers, and advanced compression algorithms.

Common Uses

• Windows Applications: BMP files are commonly used in Windows applications for storing simple graphics, icons, and screenshots.
• Image Editing: Due to their simplicity, BMP files are often used in basic image editing and processing tasks.